Analysis Of The Movie Things Fall Apart - 1408 Words

â€Å"Turning and turning in the widening gyre, the falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the center cannot hold; mere anarchy is loosed upon the world† (Yeats). Things Fall Apart tells the tragic story of a Nigerian village and its adaptation to the cultural changes that it encounters. Similar to the lost falcon in the gyre, the clan looses its way and begins to fall apart when a group of white missionaries take control of their land. The protagonist, as well as static character, Okonkwo, was a well-respected clan leader whose desire of a traditional Igbo society led him to his own downfall. He was a self-made and honored man in Umuofia who was known to be very powerful. His stern and fearless aura was only a faà §ade, however. Internally, he had many worries about his status and the village’s future. Okonkwo’s venomous fears about his reputation, narrow-minded desires for a traditional tribe, and inability to adapt to society’s changes are what caused his life to fall apart and led him to the grave. Okonkwo was a tough, abu sive, and insensitive man. He had a raging temper and saw violence as the answer for almost everything. Although there were many factors that shaped his character, the main reason that Okonkwo was so harsh was because of his father, Unoka, who was a lazy debtor. Okonkwo was very ashamed of his father and made sure that he became nothing like him. â€Å"When Unoka died he had taken no title at all and was heavily in debt. †¦ Fortunately, among theseShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Things Fall Apart And The Mission 1561 Words   |  7 Pages Reflective Paper Pao Hsuan Lee UCOR 2000 Introduction Fictionalized accounts of historical events often provide valuable information that may improve overall understanding of human history. 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Theme Of Realism In Poker Night By John Updike - 1392 Words

â€Å"The cards began to come to me, under the naked bulb, the aces and deuces and the queens with their beautiful cold faces, and I really only made 2 mistakes that night† (Updike 5). This is one of many quotes John Updike uses throughout his works to call attention to his abundance of symbolism. This particular quote comes from his short story Poker Night, a story told from the point of view of a man who, after he has just been told he has cancer, goes to play poker with his friends like he has been for 30 years. This particular quote, like many of his others, uses mundane realism to call attention to his symbolism. In this particular case he is using the character’s poker luck to symbolize his life. When Updike says â€Å"and I really only made 2†¦show more content†¦The story is centered around Sammy, a 19 year old clerk at an A P grocery store in coastal Massachusetts. It is based upon the scenario of 3 teenage girls walking into the grocery store in not hing but bathing suits. This makes for a rather interesting story, with Sammy becoming fixated with the girls, and even though the story takes place over the period of about 20 mins, it has a very complex theme. The theme is told mostly through symbolism, which is why Updike uses realism, causing reader to make an inference about the symbols he uses. For example, when Sammy is ringing up a purchase, a seemingly boring task, Updike gives the reader insight to Sammy`s mind: I go through the punches 4, 9, GROC, TOT -- it’s more complicated than you think, and after you do it often enough, it begins to make a little song, that you hear words to, in my case â€Å"Hello (bing) there, you (gung) hap-py pee-pul (splat)†-the splat being the drawer flying out (Updike 4) Though this may seem like a very simple and inconsequential part of the story, it actually is. It leads the reader to understand that Sammy is bored with his job. The song shows how he is uninterested with what he does, as anybody would be being a store clerk. However, knowing he’s 19, we can understand that he is not just bored, but wants a better life. This is in part, influenced by his obsession with the girls. When the girls are checking out he fantasizes of their life: All of a suddenShow MoreRelatedBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesAmerican / American Indian oral literature / oral tradition creation storiesï ¼Ë†Ã¨ µ ·Ã¦ º Ã§ ¥Å¾Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° trickster talesï ¼Ë†Ã¦  ¶Ã¤ ½Å"å‰ §Ã¨â‚¬â€¦Ã¤ ¼  Ã¥ ¥â€¡Ã¯ ¼â€° rituals / ceremoniesï ¼Ë†Ã¥â€¦ ¸Ã¤ » ªÃ¯ ¼â€° songs / chantsï ¼Ë†Ã¦â€º ²Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° Anglo Settlers’ Writings Highly religious and pragmatic - John Smith, founder of Jamestown, Virginia; Pocahontas - John Winthrop, â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity†: â€Å"†¦ We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  - William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation (1630-50, pub. 1856) - Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672)

Poliomyelitis in Context of Pakistan

Question: Write an essay on Poliomyelitis in Pakistan? Answer: Absract The current assignment deals with the serious issue of poliomyelitis in context of Pakistan. Although Polio is eradicated from most of the countries across world, Pakistan still faces the risk of Polio infection. The study highlights the major reasons for this and points out the factors contributing to the barriers to eradicate the disease. These include religious beliefs, illiteracy, economical constraints, etc. This research presents a deep insight into the prospective symptoms, treatments and prevailing programs in Pakistan for eradicating Polio from the country. The study concludes with the note that the country of Pakistan need to focus highly on the incorporation of educative sessions in the polio eradicating programs. This assignment also presents an intervention program based on the NPSP program through analysis of the social, behavioral and cultural aspect of the country. Introduction This research paper will spread light on the poliomyelitis infection that spread over in Pakistan and also the statistical data of the polio cases in Pakistan. It also gives a detail description about the polio virus and the vaccines that can prevent the poliomyelitis disease. It will also highlight the conflicts that occur during administration of a vaccine. In the last section, I have proposed an intervention programme for eradication polio, which when implemented on other countries have proved very successful. Lastly, I will also highlight some of the limitation of the proposed intervention Current Epidemiology Today Polio has almost been eradicated from worldwide, but few countries remain endemic like Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria. Pakistan has the highest percentage of cases of poliomyelitis in the world, 23%. Though Immunization of polio campaign has started in a country since 1974, but the efforts of eradication has been started from 1993. Around 60 rounds of vaccination have been carried out till 2007 in the country but still it remains endemic. Cases of polio in Pakistan were 37% in 2011 though only 7cases of polio has been reported in 2015. The number of new cases though has been lesser down but still poliomyelitis has still not got completely eradicated from Pakistan. The reason may be the challenges that remain in Pakistan. The constant conflict in polio sanctuaries restrict the coverage of territories by the vaccination team and generate displacement of the population which contributes to spreading of polio virus and bring about a condition of poverty. According to nation surveillance reports since 1999, the rate of non-polio below the age of 15years has exceeded to 2% per 100000. Polio eradication has become a priority program for Pakistan. The program started with a hope of eradication but faced a lot of limitation due to violence and protest against the workers of polio. From 58 cases of polio in 2012, it increased to 91 in 2013. Government of Pakistan has declared a national emergency to interrupt transmission of polio and to achieve the goal of eradication. Programme Initiated by the Government in Pakistan NEAP programme was established in Pakistan to eradicate polio in Pakistan. This programme relied on the strong political leadership and provincial administration also the agency and district administrator. The main goal of this programme was to stop the transmission of polio virus. A total 58 Wild polio virus cases were reported in 2012 which increased by 58 wild polio virus in 2013 that is more than 68% of the complete cases of polio in Pakistan. The reason of the increasing number of cases was because of the vaccination ban that occurred in the south and North Waziristan and also due to the aloofness from conflict in Khyber agency. On the basis of religious ground, the parents refused to participate in the programme and get their children vaccinated Recently government in 2015 issued arrest warrants for 1,200 guardians and parent who refused administration of vaccination for their children. Reports state that 512 people who were arrested were freed as they agreed for not opposing vaccination. New cases were of poliomyelitis has dropped by70% because of the increasing vaccination as previously northwest Pakistan was under the militants who were opposing for vaccination administration but Zarb-e-Ab which by Pakistani forces secured these areas and theses campaign were against Taliban militants. So they could administer the vaccine to the children in those areas. Though the issue of polio has recently been dropped because of continuous support of eradication programme by the government but still it is not completely eradication in this paper I would like to discuss an intervention for poliomyelitis. Despite the progress of the polio sanctuaries situation remain fragile because of some reason like the outbreak at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, continuous poliovirus transmission in FATA block, isolation of cVDPD-2 in Quetta block etc. The limitation of this programme was that it did not spread education programme. Educating programme is important because many people are unaware of the details of polio they should be made aware of all the pros and cons about the vaccination, religious myths that were present among the people were not resolved. And lastly it will require more support from the government as the financial limitation becomes a barrier in an implementation of new techniques. Poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease caused by polio virus. It affects the central nervous system that sometimes results in paralysis. Infantile paralysis is the greatest incidence of polio disease that occurs in children between the ages of 10. In 1840, an orthopedist Jacob von Hein from Germany has first descried this disease. Poliovirus is enteroviruses that are spread from one individual to another following pharyngeal secretions and excretion in feces, chiefly via mouth route or via hand to hand. Poliovirus receptor is expressed only on the cells of humans being and a few subhuman primate species there are no known extra human reservoirs. This virus replicates in the gastrointestinal tract and can cause viremia. It then invades the CNS and also destroys the motor neurons that cause flaccid paralysis and sometimes sensory loss permanently. It is a preventable disease it can be prevented by vaccination of live attenuated oral polio virus. Symptoms The virus usually enters the body through the alimentary tract and spreads long nerve cells to affect various parts of central nervous system. The period of incubation is 4-35days. Fatigue, nausea, fever, vomiting, pain diarrhea, spasm of the neck are the common symptoms. As nerve cell once destroyed do not regenerate, and it plays a crucial role in control movement of muscle and this cause paralysis permanent. The nerve cell that controls the respiration if once destroyed then the patient is kept alive with the help of iron lung. Polio Eradication Immunizations can prevent polio, polio vaccines are given for a number of times and almost it protects child life always. Five different polio vaccines have been armored by the Global Polio eradication initiation to stop polio transmission. The vaccines are as follows oral polio vaccine (OVP), Inactive polio vaccine (IPV), monovalent polio oral vaccine (mOPV3 and mOVP1), and bivalent polio oral vaccine. Conflicts of Polio On the basis of the religious ground many conflicts arises, many people restrict the administration of the polio virus the greatest obstacle, even lack of health infrastructure limits the distribution of the vaccine. Another big challenge that arises is maintaining the potency of the live attenuated vaccine due to hot temperature. The oral polio vaccine is to be maintained at 2 to 8 degree Celsius for successful vaccination. The crucial problem in Pakistan is the barrier of insecurity among people, inadequate resource for health facilities, managing resources of human, political pressure, conflicts among the people living in Pakistan as well as influenced from other countries, other than this the major problem lies in the technical issues. These all create barriers for safe polio vaccine administration by the programme that are held to eradicate poliomyelitis Proposed Intervention for Eradication of Poliomyelitis As there are so many social, environmental issues which restrict the eradication of polio from Pakistan. I would like to implement a programme NPSP i.e. National polio surveillance project will help in controlling and eradicating the problem of polio in Pakistan. This programme is funded and established by the Government of India and WHO. As India is a neighboring country of Pakistan and has a similar environment, and atmospheric condition implementation of this programme in India has resulted in complete eradication of the infectious disease poliomyelitis. The basic problem that occurs in Pakistan is restricting the team of vaccination to administer the vaccine to the children. Educating programme if implemented then it may resolve the matter of this concern as, less knowledge creates difficulties. Education programme must give a detailed information about the consequences of polio vaccine if not given to the children, it may lead to flaccid paralysis, stiffness etc. the common difficulty that creates a barrier is the knowledge of total doses. The people are sometimes unaware of the multiple doses that are required for appropriate vaccination, due to lack of knowledge as well as the poor immunity of the children leads to polio even after receiving doses of polio vaccine. As building the immunity of the body is important to fight against the polio virus thus proper nutrition chart must be implemented for the children as well as their family member to guide them through diet. Some cookery classes service are to be given so that the people could participate and get detail information on healthy diet chart as dietary health habit will increase the immunity of t he children to fight against the polio disease. As malnutrition, underweight are the two factors which decrease the immune system of the body so it is important to focus on this problem and give them appropriate support so that multiple doses of polio vaccine can eradicate the virus from the body. The people must know that OPV is a safe vaccine. It can be also given to newborns and sick children. Some people also have misconception like OPV causes infertility so doctors are to be appointed so that they could resolve this myth as from a long time scientist are testing this polio vaccine but cannot get any link between these two issues. Religious conflicts are the major problem among people, so if religious people from various Islamic institution and muftis can support vaccination and OPV this practice may influence people and the religious barrier can be removed. So it is important that campaigns in which religious people participate and educate the population this will help in controlling the barrier of religion. Even all the hajjis are required to be vaccinated against the polio virus. People like Imams, cleric's madrasa teachers, physicians, etc will work together in this project to urge the parent for immunizing their children, and will also reduce the person who refuses to get their children vaccinated Another major problem is an economy. So a team of people is to be appointed who will monitor accurately and analyze the requirement of capital resources required for the programme so that they can give the complete budget to the government and convince the government to spend an amount to eradicate this process. And this team will maintain a proper documentation of the amount of money invested and also about the amount required for maintaining the laboratories that prepare the vaccine. This team will also handle convincing other countries and arranging meeting so that the government could collaborate with the other country, and joint ventures are formed which will increase the resource as well as capital. So national as well as international collaboration is very important in increasing the capital. Government's support plays the most crucial role in eradicating the polio disease from Pakistan. As investing, more capital will not create a crisis and all the people can get the multiple vaccine free as people due to financial crisis sometimes become a barrier. So it is important that this polio doses must be made free. And even two days in a month should be allocated for polio vaccination delivery. People will be appointed who will cover all the areas of Pakistan and place campaign in which free vaccination against polio virus is to be given. Attendance barrier problem will also be resolved as some people have issues regarding transportation. So this small campaign that will cover almost all the areas will enable the people to access this camp and get their children vaccinated. Health workers are appointed for sampling from environment sewage in areas which are remote, or are unhygienic will help the government in tracking out the complete spread area of the virus. Areas with increasing risk will then be targeted, and more support could be given to eradicate poliomyelitis. Health workers will target the mobile families that are the people who are travelling by bus or motorbikes train etc. This will help them to immunize children who stay in remote areas. As well it will interrupt transmission of the disease from one country or place to another. An approach to ensure the good quality of polio is the main goal of this program. The people must get high quality of vaccine which will increase the efficacy of the eradication process. The vaccines are to be created in such a way so that it can also immunize children from other diseases like diarrhea; chicken pox etc. and this will also built capacity to eradicate vital disease like measles, etc. This will ensure that the children are immunized from other preventable diseases also. Lastly, this programme will require a team of people that will monitor the whole process as monitoring the whole process is very beneficial as the lagging problem will get resolved. Teams will note all the issues from each and every individual and get detail information that will help them to check their mistakes if any. So monitoring the whole process throughout the process is very crucial. Post-polio vaccination programme are implemented, as it will help in maintaining the polio vaccine multiple dose records. So continuously health works keep a track is all doses of polio been given to the children or not. Evidence of NPSP Intervention NPSP has been implemented in India, and it has proved a very effective as well as the successful programme. Along with polio, it has also been effective in eradicating other preventable diseases that include Japanese encephalitis; measles, etc. 100% eradication has been achieved by India for eradicating this disease. Limitation of Npsp The main challenges that will be faced in the implementation of this programme are of the documentation. If documentation is not done correctly it creates the huge problem it may misguide and mislead of proper delivering of a vaccine may occur. Another challenge is it needs a good amount of investment and thus need foreign collaboration as alone the government of Pakistan cannot meet the target amount. If these two challenges are overcome, then this project may bring huge success. Conclusion This research paper addresses the major health problem that is poliomyelitis in Pakistan. It is a preventable disease. Most of the countries are successful in eradicating this disease but Pakistan still is not completely successful in eradicating this disease. It is important that people should not oppose in administrating polio vaccine as it is a preventable disease and people could be immunized with the help of vaccine. And this issue of eradication of poliovirus can be 100% successful. This paper highlighted the importance of eradication of polio. I have proposed an intervention programme that includes an analysis on the basis of social, culture, behavior. This proposal was based on NPSP programme guidelines. This programme was implemented in India and eradicated polio 100% so this guideline, if implemented to Pakistan, may also result in the successful eradication of polio. This programme was based on the analysis of social, behavioral, cultural, environmental factors contribute. And also it gives importance to the role of international and national collaboration and also the funders. Reference Abimbola, S., Malik, A. U., and Mansoor, G. F. (2013). The final push for polio eradication: addressing the challenge of violence in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria.PLoS Med,10(10), e1001529. Addy D. Poliomyelitis in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2012; 97(12):1096-1096.doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-303240. Alexander J, Zubair M, Khan M, Abid N, Durry E. Progress and Peril: Poliomyelitis Eradication Efforts in Pakistan, 1994-2013. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2014; 210(suppl 1):S152-S161. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu450. Bass, S., and Dalal-Clayton, B. (2012).Sustainable development strategies: a resource book. Routledge. CDC. Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication Peoples Republic of China, 1990-1996. MMWR 1996; 45:1076-9. Estvariz, C. F., Pallansch, M. A., Anand, A., Wassilak, S. G., Sutter, R. W., Wenger, J. D., and Orenstein, W. A. (2013). Poliovirus vaccination options for achieving eradication and securing the endgame.Current opinion in virology,3(3), 309-315. Fetene, N. W., and Sherani, A. (2013). Determinant Factors for Implementing Polio Eradication Activities under Security Compromised Settings of Pakistan.J Trop Dis,2(127), 2. Grassly, N. C. (2013). The final stages of the global eradication of poliomyelitis.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences,368(1623), 20120140. Hussain, S. S., and Sabri, P. S. U. (2014). National Environmental Policy Development for Sustainable Economic Growth in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan.International Journal of Social Quality,4(1), 78-94. Impfgegner vs. Regierung Poliomyelitis in Pakistan. Flug u Reisemed. 2015; 22(02):58-58.doi:10.1055/s-0035-1550293. Khan A, Gebreselassie H, Asturias E et al. Corrigendum to No evidence for prolonged excretion of polioviruses in persons with residual paralytic poliomyelitis in Ethiopia, Pakistan and Guatemala [Biologicals 34 (2006) 113-116]. Biologicals. 2007; 35(1):73. doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2007.01.001. Khan A, Gebreselassie H, Asturias E et al. No evidence for prolonged excretion of polioviruses in persons with residual paralytic poliomyelitis in Ethiopia, Pakistan and Guatemala. Biologicals. 2006; 34(2):113-116. doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2006.03.004. Lowther, S. A., Roesel, S., O'Connor, P., Landaverde, M., Oblapenko, G., Deshevoi, S., and Wassilak, S. (2013). World Health Organization regional assessments of the risks of poliovirus outbreaks.Risk Analysis,33(4), 664-679. Moturi, E. K., Porter, K. A., Wassilak, S. G., Tangermann, R. H., Diop, O. M., Burns, C. C., and Jafari, H. (2014). Progress toward polio eradicationworldwide, 20132014.MMWR,63(21), 468-472. O'Reilly K, Durry E, ul Islam O et al. The effect of mass immunisation campaigns and new oral poliovirus vaccines on the incidence of poliomyelitis in Pakistan and Afghanistan, 2001-11: a retrospective analysis. The Lancet. 2012; 380(9840):491-498.doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60648-5. Polio Eradication.Org. Polio Global Eradication Initiative: Pakistan. Polio Eradication.Org. https://www.polioeradication.org/infectedcountries/pakistan.aspx.Accessed August 2, 2015. Poliomyelitis vaccine inactivated. Reactions Weekly. 2004; NA ;( 1017):13.doi: 10.2165/00128415-200410170-00044. Russell W. Poliomyelitis. London: E. Arnold; 1956. Thibaut, H. J., De Palma, A. M., and Neyts, J. (2012). Combating enterovirus replication: state-of-the-art on antiviral research.Biochemical pharmacology,83(2), 185-192. World Health Organization. (2013). Poliomyelitis, Fact sheet no. 114.World Health Organization, Geneva. World Health Organization. (2014). Poliomyelitis; 2014. Lowther, S. A., Roesel, S., O'Connor, P., Landaverde, M., Oblapenko, G., Deshevoi, S., and Wassilak, S. (2013). World Health Organization regional assessments of the risks of poliovirus outbreaks.Risk Analysis,33(4), 664-679 Poliomyelitis vaccine inactivated. Reactions Weekly. 2004; NA ;( 1017):13.doi: 10.2165/00128415-200410170-00044. Moturi, E. K., Porter, K. A., Wassilak, S. G., Tangermann, R. H., Diop, O. M., Burns, C. C., and Jafari, H. (2014). Progress toward polio eradicationworldwide, 20132014.MMWR,63(21), 468-472. Addy D. Poliomyelitis in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2012; 97(12):1096-1096.doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-303240. Fetene, N. W., and Sherani, A. (2013). Determinant Factors for Implementing Polio Eradication Activities under Security Compromised Settings of Pakistan.J Trop Dis,2(127), 2. Impfgegner vs. Regierung Poliomyelitis in Pakistan. Flug u Reisemed. 2015; 22(02):58-58.doi:10.1055/s-0035-1550293. Alexander J, Zubair M, Khan M, Abid N, Durry E. Progress and Peril: Poliomyelitis Eradication Efforts in Pakistan, 1994-2013. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2014; 210(suppl 1):S152-S161. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu450. Hussain, S. S., and Sabri, P. S. U. (2014). National Environmental Policy Development for Sustainable Economic Growth in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan.International Journal of Social Quality,4(1), 78-94. Bass, S., and Dalal-Clayton, B. (2012).Sustainable development strategies: a resource book. Routledge. World Health Organization. (2014). Poliomyelitis; 2014 Khan A, Gebreselassie H, Asturias E et al. No evidence for prolonged excretion of polioviruses in persons with residual paralytic poliomyelitis in Ethiopia, Pakistan and Guatemala. Biologicals. 2006; 34(2):113-116. doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2006.03.004. World Health Organization. (2013). Poliomyelitis, Fact sheet no. 114.World Health Organization, Geneva. Thibaut, H. J., De Palma, A. M., and Neyts, J. (2012). Combating enterovirus replication: state-of-the-art on antiviral research.Biochemical pharmacology,83(2), 185-192. Moturi, E. K., Porter, K. A., Wassilak, S. G., Tangermann, R. H., Diop, O. M., Burns, C. C., and Jafari, H. (2014). Progress toward polio eradicationworldwide, 20132014.MMWR,63(21), 468-472. Estvariz, C. F., Pallansch, M. A., Anand, A., Wassilak, S. G., Sutter, R. W., Wenger, J. D., and Orenstein, W. A. (2013). Poliovirus vaccination options for achieving eradication and securing the endgame.Current opinion in virology,3(3), 309-315. Russell W. Poliomyelitis. London: E. Arnold; 1956. Grassly, N. C. (2013). The final stages of the global eradication of poliomyelitis.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences,368(1623), 20120140. Estvariz, C. F., Pallansch, M. A., Anand, A., Wassilak, S. G., Sutter, R. W., Wenger, J. D., and Orenstein, W. A. (2013). Poliovirus vaccination options for achieving eradication and securing the endgame.Current opinion in virology,3(3), 309-315. Abimbola, S., Malik, A. U., and Mansoor, G. F. (2013). The final push for polio eradication: addressing the challenge of violence in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria.PLoS Med,10(10), e1001529. Moturi, E. K., Porter, K. A., Wassilak, S. G., Tangermann, R. H., Diop, O. M., Burns, C. C., and Jafari, H. (2014). Progress toward polio eradicationworldwide, 20132014.MMWR,63(21), 468-472. Estvariz, C. F., Pallansch, M. A., Anand, A., Wassilak, S. G., Sutter, R. W., Wenger, J. D., and Orenstein, W. A. (2013). Poliovirus vaccination options for achieving eradication and securing the endgame.Current opinion in virology,3(3), 309-315. World Health Organization. (2013). Poliomyelitis, Fact sheet no. 114.World Health Organization, Geneva. Fetene, N. W., and Sherani, A. (2013). Determinant Factors for Implementing Polio Eradication Activities under Security Compromised Settings of Pakistan.J Trop Dis,2(127), 2. World Health Organization. (2013). Poliomyelitis, Fact sheet no. 114.World Health Organization, Geneva. Bass, S., and Dalal-Clayton, B. (2012).Sustainable development strategies: a resource book. Routledge Estvariz, C. F., Pallansch, M. A., Anand, A., Wassilak, S. G., Sutter, R. W., Wenger, J. D., and Orenstein, W. A. (2013). Poliovirus vaccination options for achieving eradication and securing the endgame.Current opinion in virology,3(3), 309-315. Polio Eradication.Org. Polio Global Eradication Initiative: Pakistan. Polio Eradication.Org. https://www.polioeradication.org/infectedcountries/pakistan.aspx.Accessed August 2, 2015. Grassly, N. C. (2013). The final stages of the global eradication of poliomyelitis.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences,368(1623), 20120140. CDC. Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication Peoples Republic of China, 1990-1996. MMWR 1996; 45:1076-9.

International Sports Essays - Cricket, Fielding, Dismissal, Batting

International Sports International Sports Polo - How the game is played A polo match lasts about one and one-half hours and is divided into six 7 minute periods or chukkers. Since a horse in fast polo can cover two and one-half to three miles per period, he'll be too tired to play a second one right away. After resting for two or three periods, some horses can return to the game. Still, in championship polo, a player will come to the field with at least six horses. The mounts are horses, mostly thoroughbreds, not ponies. The object of the game is to score as many goals as possible. There are four players on a team and each assumes a specific position either offensive or defensive. However, given the enormous size of the playing fields, the momentum of the galloping horses and the ball's unexpected changes of direction, the game is very fluid, and the positions continuously change. There are few set plays in polo, and good anticipation is almost a sixth sense. With thousand pound animals running at speed there is a pre-eminent necessity for a right of way rule. The central concept in the rules of polo is the line of the ball, a right-of-way established by the path of the traveling ball. Like the rules of the road, there are do's and don'ts governing access to this right-of-way and crossing it. Within these limitations, a player can hook an opponent's mallet, push him off the line, bump him with his horse or steal the ball from him. Penalties are awarded as free hits. The more severe, the shorter the distance to the goal. The closer hits are almost certain goals. After every goal is scored, the teams change sides in order to compensate for field and wind conditions. A typical score would be 10-7. Polo games are played on the flat or the handicap. Every registered player is awarded a skill rating from C (-2, the lowest) to 10 (the highest). When a match is played on the handicap basis, the sum total rating of the players on the team is subtracted from that of the opposition. Any difference is then awarded to the lower rated side in goals on the scoreboard. Polo - The history Possibly the oldest team sport, polo's genesis is lost to the eye of history. An Asiatic game, polo was first played on a barren campground by nomadic warriors over two thousand years ago Valuable for training Cavalry, the game was played from Constantinople to Japan by the Middle Ages. Known in the East as the Game of Kings, Tamer lane's polo grounds can still be seen in Samarkand. British tea planters in India witnessed the game in the early 1800's but it was not until the 1850's that the British Cavalry drew up the earliest rules and by the 1869's the game was well established in England. James Gordon Bennett, a noted American publisher, balloonist, and adventurer, was captivated by the sport and brought it to New York in 1876 where it caught on immediately. Within ten years, there were major clubs all over the east, including Newport and Long Island. Over the next 50 years, polo achieved extraordinary popularity in the United States. By the 1930's polo was in the midst of a Golden Age it was an Olympic sport and crowds in excess of 30,000 regularly attended international matches at Meadow Brook Polo Club on Long Island. The galloping game produced athletes who would doubtless have achieved greatness in any sport. Cecil Smith, the Texas cowboy who held a perfect 10-goal rating for a still-record 25 years. Devereux Melbourne, instrumental in formulating modern styles of play and Tommy Hitch cock, war hero and the best of the best in international competition for two decades. In the past 20 years, polo in the United States has undergone an unprecedented and remarkable expansion. At present, there are more than 225 clubs with over 3,000 players. Cricket - The rules There are 2 teams which have 11 players each. They play on a large circular or oval field batting area pitch at the center. At each end of the pitch is a 28inch-high wicket consisting of three vertical

Free Essays on M&P Merchandising Services

M&P Merchandising Services M&P, a marketing company, has 21,000 employees worldwide and is the world's leading market promotion and research firm, offering measurement and analysis of marketplace dynamics, consumer attitudes and behavior, and new and traditional media in more than 100 countries. M&P clients include leading consumer product manufacturers and retailers, service firms, media and entertainment companies and the Internet community. In addition, M&P markets a broad range of advanced merchandising and assortment software with capabilities in inventory modeling, forecasting, item maintenance, and pricing, as well as national and regional professional services. These products, used in conjunction with the services described above, help clients integrate large volumes of information, evaluate it, make judgments about their growth opportunities and plan future merchandising and sales campaigns. M&P Merchandising Services offer a broad range of products and services aimed at helping retailers and manufacturers serve customers better and gain higher ROI from efficient profitable space and product management. M&P Merchandising Services are the foundation of an integrated category management process, offering strategic recommendations on assortment planning, space allocation, inventory levels, positioning, pricing and promotional activity. M&P Merchandising Services solve critical business issues faced by virtually all supply chain participants operating in retail environments including supermarkets, pharmacies, mass merchandisers, convenience and specialty stores. M&P Merchandising Services provide fact-based recommendations and actionable output that enable managers to practice category management. Solutions range from category consulting to single-workstation applications and comprehensive enterprise-wide systems that provide advanced merchandising, analytical and automation support. The goal of the company is to be the... Free Essays on M&P Merchandising Services Free Essays on M&P Merchandising Services M&P Merchandising Services M&P, a marketing company, has 21,000 employees worldwide and is the world's leading market promotion and research firm, offering measurement and analysis of marketplace dynamics, consumer attitudes and behavior, and new and traditional media in more than 100 countries. M&P clients include leading consumer product manufacturers and retailers, service firms, media and entertainment companies and the Internet community. In addition, M&P markets a broad range of advanced merchandising and assortment software with capabilities in inventory modeling, forecasting, item maintenance, and pricing, as well as national and regional professional services. These products, used in conjunction with the services described above, help clients integrate large volumes of information, evaluate it, make judgments about their growth opportunities and plan future merchandising and sales campaigns. M&P Merchandising Services offer a broad range of products and services aimed at helping retailers and manufacturers serve customers better and gain higher ROI from efficient profitable space and product management. M&P Merchandising Services are the foundation of an integrated category management process, offering strategic recommendations on assortment planning, space allocation, inventory levels, positioning, pricing and promotional activity. M&P Merchandising Services solve critical business issues faced by virtually all supply chain participants operating in retail environments including supermarkets, pharmacies, mass merchandisers, convenience and specialty stores. M&P Merchandising Services provide fact-based recommendations and actionable output that enable managers to practice category management. Solutions range from category consulting to single-workstation applications and comprehensive enterprise-wide systems that provide advanced merchandising, analytical and automation support. The goal of the company is to be the...

Buy a Baseball America`s Favorite Game Essay Online

Buy a Baseball America`s Favorite Game Essay Online Essay about Baseball As spring comes in, when the beauty of the earth comes alive one more time, the great American game begins in North America and Canada. It is so much more than a ball game played between two teams of at nine players on a diamond-shaped field – with bases, gloves, bats and balls, a mound, dirt on in infield, grass in the outfield, and people in the stands. Baseball is a game of graceful athleticism, intelligence, and class. At times, baseball is like a ballet, a performance and a mind game, a game of chess. It’s very different than – even superior to –that ruthless game called American football, not to be confused with soccer. Baseball is far more humane in nature than football, which is a brutish game of violence much too similar to war. Baseball is a gentleman’s game, a thinking mans sport of brains, strength, stamina, speed, and reflex. Also, baseball, which is said to have evolved from the British game cricket, was created in New England around the time of the American Civil War, played by Union soldiers to occupy their downtime, to probably distract them and aid in helping them keep their sanity when not fighting. It requires concentration and competition, so it was a helpful tool in bringing them together to do something fun and enjoyable. Next came professional baseball leagues in various parts of the country, in cities in most states in America. Over time, in one form or another, people all over were playing the great game – whether for fun on pastures or on a flat, dirt field. Then it became a spectator sport during the summer months. Late nights meant for baseball all day long, and people began paying money to see games. It is still this way today. They were paying money to see the best local players compete against the best players in other locations, regions or towns. Since then, since the turn of the 21st century, baseball has been a staple of American life, culture, and society. This may be the reason baseball is called, time and time again, â€Å"America’s Favorite Pastime.† Today, Major League Baseball has become the authority on professional baseball in the United States – and has become a multi-million-dollar company (if not a multi-billion-dollar one). Its  games and other retail items attract millions and millions of Americans every year, and the professional league fan base extends to South America, Canada, Europa,  and Asia. Its  players – Major League Baseball players – make millions of dollars a year, through contracts with each team, which is essentially a large corporation, and through deals with athletic equipment companies, sponsors, and other such things. That is a lot of money for someone to play a game that was played for fun by soldiers in the Civil War, a game played by children on long summer days. In the last 150 years since the game was created, baseball – the actual game itself – probably hasn’t changed too much. It still involves the same notions and requires the same language, the same basics of the game, its  basic principles and rules and standards and requirements. But the game has most definitely changed. A major problem in American professional baseball these past couple decades has been the use of performance-enhancing drugs, like steroids, among the game’s best and most famous players. For someone who grew up idolizing these players and wanting to emulate them, it can be a real downer to think they are human and fallible ones at that, too human to be heroes and to do heroic things. They are only people who could play a simple game very well to the point they could get paid to do it day in and day and for years at a time. It has become an industry and not just a game. That game has changed – and not necessarily for the better.

Emily Dickinson Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Emily Dickinson - Assignment Example â€Å"The categories then are, in Anderson’s summery, â€Å"art, nature, the self, death and its sequel†. He then observes that these categories are in no sense hard and fast, or mutually exclusive.† (Emily Dickinson Handbook, PP 186). Anderson’s reading tries to summarize Emily Dickinson’s poems; but admits that the thematic structure of her poems is too complex to be summarized that easily. The eccentric recluse: Emily Dickinson was what we might call an eccentric who wished to remain a child for ever. Her letters repeatedly express this wish. She was a recluse who wore only white dress through out her entire adult life. Though she talks of her love, both in her poetry and in her letters, she remained unmarried and it is not clear whether these lovers were real or imaginary. She grew lonelier after the age of thirty and never left her house. She almost lived closed door in her room with a window that opened out to the nature. â€Å"I am no body! Who are you? / Are you nobody too? / Then there’s a pair of us! –don’t tell! / They’d banish us you know. ... She refused to leave her room even when she was dying. She very rarely met a special visitor. She depended on her sister Lavinia for her food and other needs; she loved the children of her brother. It is said that she used to lower sweets and baked goods through a pulley outside her window for the children of her home and the neighborhood. She lived alone and wrote poems, without the burden of the usual mediocre woman duties. Even her sister Lavinia came to know of the over 1700 poems of her sister after her death only. But she was in touch with the outside world through her correspondence, the most important of which were her letters to Thomas Wentworth Higginson, the American author and Unitarian minister. On April 16, 1862 Higginson received a letter from a 32 year old woman from Amherst, Massachusetts, which included four poems of hers. They were marked â€Å"not for publication†! The letter started like this â€Å"Mr. Higginson, are you too deeply occupied to say if my v erse is alive? .The mind is so near itself it cannot see distinctly, and I have none to ask†. (Atlantic Monthly, October 1891, PP 444) The words poetically echoes the soul of a lonely being, with nothing else than poetry to hold close to her heart. In 1891 Higginson wrote in an article about this early correspondence. â€Å" The impression of a wholly new and original poetic genius† he said , â€Å" was as distinct on my mind at the first reading of these four poems , as it is now after thirty years of further knowledge ; and with it came the problem never yet solved , what place ought to be assigned in literature , to what is so remarkable , yet so elusive of criticism† ( Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson, PP6). Higginson became her mentor and encouraged

Contemporary marketing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contemporary marketing Assignment - Essay Example With such keen interest in building a strong brand, two issues usually come up. One has to do with the components of a strong brand and the other has to do with ways of developing a strong brand (Farris et al., 2010). While customer loyalty is mainly described by what individuals do, brand loyalty usually is defined by the feelings and impressions of individuals (Dawes, 2009). A number of global brands can boast the kind of loyalty and passion shown by generations of certain companies like Disney. Disney Company is going to be the basis of this paper on which examples will be drawn on how the company has come up with strategies to build a strong brand that leads to increasing customer retention and loyalty. For more than eighty years, the company has experienced and maintained a lasting and comfortable position in the market. There are numerous reasons as to why the company has managed to be as so, but one of the main reasons is because of the creation of a strong brand (JZMcBride an d Associates, 2011). This document will scrutinize various ways through which Disney Company has built a strong brand, which has helped the company retain millions of customers and their loyalty thus increasing profits. The paper will cite specific examples of how the company has managed to do this. There are different ways through which Disney is able to keep its customers happy and loyal. One of the ways through which the company has accomplished this is through the creation of a brand promise. The company has been able to narrow down its promise of brand to a single action, which is using heart to entertain (JZMcBride and Associates, 2011). Studies suggest that loyalty includes some level of pre- dispositional commitment in a brand. Loyalty to a brand is seen as a construct that is multidimensional. Such loyalty is dependent on a number of distinct psychological processes and it involves a number of measurements, the perceived value of customers, trust in brands, satisfaction of customers and commitment are all thought to be key influencing entities of loyalty to a brand (Fournier, 2007). As it follows, the strategy of Disney to use heart or feelings in entertaining the customers fulfils all these requirements and ensures that the company maintains the loyalty of its customers. Another way the company builds its brand and retains customers is by controlling its brand. By being true to its brand in numerous ventures is what differentiates the company from other brands in the market. For instance, the company owns ABC, which broadcasts numerous programs. For instance, ABC broadcasts a show Called Pan Am that is based on the lives of individuals in the 1960s. One thing that one notices is that the show does not include scenes of smoking even though they were increasingly common during this time. This shows that the company wishes to stick to its promise of broadcasting shows that are family friendly (JZMcBride and Associates, 2011). According to a number of st udies, commitment to behaviour of repeated purchase are considered as necessary elements for creating brand loyalty and customer loyalty, followed by satisfaction, perceived value and brand trust. Several scholars claim that enhancing customer

Hydrochloric acid Essay Example for Free

Hydrochloric acid Essay Introduction: We are trying to find out how the rate of reaction is affected by the concentration of one of the reactants. We are investigating this with sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. We will use different strengths of HCI acid and record the results. Method:   Collect the apparatus.   Make up different concentrations of hydrochloric acid using table 1.   Measure 20cm3 of sodium thiosulphate and pour into conical flask   Draw X on paper and place under conical flask. Carefully pour hydrochloric acid into burette using funnel.    Remove funnel. Turn the tap on the burette and start the stop-clock   Stop the clock when the X is no longer visible.   Record the results and repeat x5. Repeat for 0. 5m and 1. 0m. How to make up the different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. Apparatus Conical flask 6 beakers Clamp stand Burette Stop clocks Sodium Thiosulphate Different concentrations of HCI acid. Table 2 Concentration of acid (M) Volume of water (ml) Volume of HCI acid (ml)0 What is a reaction? A reaction occurs when two reactants successfully react together to form a new product. This is called the collision theory. There is many different ways to measure the rate of reaction.   These include: Measuring the amount of gas produced   Weighing before and after the experiment Draw an X on a piece of paper and measure how long it takes for the substance to turn cloudy enough so that the X is no longer visible   Using sensors to detect the loss of the starting material or the formation of the product Variables: Temperature: If the temperature is high, the particles have more energy. As a result of them having more energy they move a lot faster. Therefore the particles collide a lot faster increasing the rate of reaction and making a new product. Examples of reactions: An example of a reaction is when water and iron combine together to form iron oxide (H2O) (Fe 3) (Fe2 O3) Another example of a reaction is when zinc and oxygen combine together to form zinc oxide (Zn) (O2) (Zn O2) Concentration: If the concentration is greater so to is the number of particles. When you increase the number of particles you increase the chance of a collision, and the chance of them reacting to form a new product. Surface area: The smaller the particles the greater the surface area. Therefore there is a greater chance of them colliding as there is more area for them to hit off. Therefore the smaller the particles the greater the rate of reaction. Catalyst: A catalyst is a substance, which speeds up the rate of a reaction, without being used up itself. Catalysts work better when the particles are smaller because the surface area is greater. Prediction: I think that the high the concentration the faster the rate of reaction. This is because there is more H+ ions so the higher the chance of colliding. Therefore the quicker the reaction. Diagram These are the results I recorded: Concentration of acid (M)   Conclusion: From my results I can conclude that concentration does affect the rate dramatically. For example if we compare strongest strength of acid (1 molar) to the weakest (0.2 molar), there is a difference of nearly 14 seconds between the averages. This is because in the 0. 2 molar acid there is only a small amount of h+ ions where as in the 1 molar acid there is a lot more. Therefore the collisions occur a lot faster and the rate of reaction is increased as illustrated in the diagram above. Science coursework Stephen bannon Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Computer Hobby :: essays papers

Computer Hobby A Hobby That I Enjoy My favorite past time is to spend time at the computer, even at a tender age I like computer systems. To having a computer was a dream, an almost impossible dream. I had a friend named George at that time, we were in the same school, same grade and we had a very good relationship. At that time he had a computer system and we spend our free time playing games, printing greeting cards, banners, we also did our school home work. It was very nice and playful even then I yearned to own my own computer, so I could spend more time learning how to use the computer. But I liked to have my own computer so I can do my own printings and spend more time learning how to use the computer. One day my parents went for a trip without me because I was in school at that time; so I stay with my grandmother for about five days until my parents got back from their trip. When my folks return home they arrived with a big box with no labels or printings on the outside of the box. My parents always knew that I wanted a computer. I didn't know what was inside of the big brown box until the next day when I saw the computer on my homework table. It was the best day of my life, for that day my dream became reality. It was use but in good shape conditions and working. Now my favorite hobby is computers systems and instead of having a use computer, I have the latest computer and I like to spend a lot time making graphics programs, configuring systems in my new Pentium II 450mhz processor, and playing with my small network system that I have at home. I also like to alter pictures for example take one girl face out and put in another girl or man face that no one would tell that particular picture was altered. I like to write my essays on my computer because I have more fun, my mind is more relaxed and I thing better as oppose to writing with pen. At least it works for me. I'm gland my parents bought me the use computer then because now I know how to use it very well and it will be inside of me for the rest of my life which will help me a lot in the future. Who knows what would have happen if I didn't get the use computer Computer Hobby :: essays papers Computer Hobby A Hobby That I Enjoy My favorite past time is to spend time at the computer, even at a tender age I like computer systems. To having a computer was a dream, an almost impossible dream. I had a friend named George at that time, we were in the same school, same grade and we had a very good relationship. At that time he had a computer system and we spend our free time playing games, printing greeting cards, banners, we also did our school home work. It was very nice and playful even then I yearned to own my own computer, so I could spend more time learning how to use the computer. But I liked to have my own computer so I can do my own printings and spend more time learning how to use the computer. One day my parents went for a trip without me because I was in school at that time; so I stay with my grandmother for about five days until my parents got back from their trip. When my folks return home they arrived with a big box with no labels or printings on the outside of the box. My parents always knew that I wanted a computer. I didn't know what was inside of the big brown box until the next day when I saw the computer on my homework table. It was the best day of my life, for that day my dream became reality. It was use but in good shape conditions and working. Now my favorite hobby is computers systems and instead of having a use computer, I have the latest computer and I like to spend a lot time making graphics programs, configuring systems in my new Pentium II 450mhz processor, and playing with my small network system that I have at home. I also like to alter pictures for example take one girl face out and put in another girl or man face that no one would tell that particular picture was altered. I like to write my essays on my computer because I have more fun, my mind is more relaxed and I thing better as oppose to writing with pen. At least it works for me. I'm gland my parents bought me the use computer then because now I know how to use it very well and it will be inside of me for the rest of my life which will help me a lot in the future. Who knows what would have happen if I didn't get the use computer

Baby dumping causes Essay

Increasing baby dumping cases all over the nation shown us this situation can be classified as critical social crisis, many factor will lead to this situation. The baby dumping can refer to discarding or leaving alone for extended period of time, a child younger than 12 months of age in a public or private setting with the extent to dispose of the child. Based on the police statistic, it shown the increasing of case related to baby in this country driven to worried situation among the society. This scenario had been more serious day by day, despite there are lot of information by government or frighten by the mass media. Even though, more outcry by the Non Government Organization NGO and the public to compel stopping this loon action. In this case, mostly the teenager tend to contribute the increasing of the baby dumping cases, the elder community is also either passively or explicitly in this problems. In some case we can read on newspaper or listen on the screen of mass media baby dispose in improper manner by irresponsibly person in diverse conditions. A girl gives birth in a school toilet, the biological parent give a birth in the cheap hotel and leaves it in rubbish dump site and even worst coercion by their parent when they failed on consent to accept the baby as their descendent they rather throw the priceless gift from God than take it as a treasure. The baby diminishes in difference cruel ways, the way that can perceivably see by the people eye or may not. Sometime it is absurd to human mankind. Isn’t it?. One of the main factors is the dispute in family institution between family members, especially by their parent causing the child to be effected in this kind of situation. Even more, the crisis dragged in a long term of misunderstanding, fighting and unhappiness. The abruptly change in the family environment is not something easy to take in their mind compared with matured elders. It even worst when their parents decided to a divorce, while their kids still not ready to face the situation to loss any of them in term of love and protection. Start from this point, they may tend to find the difference ways to get all what they have lost, yes, the closest members is from their friend in their education groups at the some case wandering from online chatting that can easily found in diverse website. The feeling to rely all  the hope and soul toward the person likely in opposite gender without proper monitoring by the elders may lead to the risk with appreciation love of their relationship on the cheap hotel room bed or at any place reasonable for them. Another factor contributing the increasing of baby dumping cases is lack of knowledge education, either in moral side or in the religious side or neither of them is worst situation. Nowadays, we can see, as the centuries risen parallel as well as the education standard within the civilization, in positive side, it helping people to more understand about what is surround us. But in the others side, some of them especially teenager incline to be more independent with their act on what they gained in their education in school even higher education standard such university or college, furthermore, the teenager intend to try something different, or something new, this is the main aspect why most of the cases related to teenager problem happen in these day. For instance, by looking at the movie or any book contain unfiltered information. Without proper knowledge about it, they can easily influence to put a try or some just said, once only and never again, neglecting the consequences of their action, the minority of them really slick in manipulating the knowledge in turning it into their advantage side, the victim referred to women is in the inverse side, who lack in knowledge, make them susceptible to such risk. Poverty is also another factor that causes in child dumping scenario in this country. Poor society welfare system on who are not capable in financial of taking care child is more favor to dump the baby, this frequently occurred on adolescence in initial period to start the relationship or intend to have marriage. Political condition, such as difficulty in adoption proceedings, may also contribute to child dumping, as can the lack of institution, such as orphanage, to take in children whom their parent incapable to support, furth ermore, when the responsible society has failed to convince the people and make them realize the important to save the precious life of babies before it become plague in our community. Societies with strong social structures and liberal adoption laws tend to have lower rates of child dumping. Moreover, rape case can classified more baffling, it still happen in this millennium century, copying our ancient custom even conscience of human mankind repulse it. In some incest case it happen by among the family descent, now we can read in the front of news, the people we can trust most,  betray us in such that disgraceful manner. Or it may happen by molestation force of others culprit others than family members toward the victim. Subsequently, the victim are not willing to do that so, consequently causing them not to welcome the baby in their pregnancy. After the tri-semester of pregnancy of waiting they will be conducive to diminish the baby, claim it as blessedness child. The hatred to the culprit interprets to risk the baby life, by tendency to abandon it somewhere out of their sign. Psychologists believe the force by closest members or family can cause the drastic change of action and disturbing the human morality thinking. Even the initial instinct are totally object to their compel action. As a mother, it is hard to accept, if they are genuinely intend to act such that cruel activity, to dump baby after bring it in their pregnancy in almost three quarter of year. Even though, the small agitation and compulsion from the people around them distract or convince them to finish the life of innocent baby in such irritation mannerism. For instance, when the parent forces their kid to abortion the baby, afraid of the slander by the villager and their community surround. Either, intrude by the partner of sinful relationship to force them to terminate the baby life in any mean, to avoid their sinful action traced by peoples around them.

Criminal Procedure Essay

â€Å"One may well ask: How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others? The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but, a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws.† – Martin Luther King, Jr. Imagine a perfect society, where the population had a standard set of rules and followed them. In that perfect society, everyone knew the rules down to a specific science hence, they knew how to obey said rules. Unfortunately in our time, we do not have a perfect society. Our civilization has lost the knowledge of their rights unless either; a.) laws were broken by an individual or b.) the individual is studying or examining criminal law. Either way, our society unknowingly forfeits their rights in certain situations. On the other hand, there are law enforcement officers who have sworn to uphold these rights to obtain their position. Some do not know themselves, when they have crossed the line of duty or violated a right. It is up to us to break down and identify the validity and righteousness of the â€Å"Officer Smith & The Gold Pontiac† situation we are presented with. Reasonable suspicion is â€Å"a standard used in criminal procedure, more relaxed than probable cause, that can justify less-intrusive searches. A reasonable suspicion exists when a reasonable person under the circumstances, would, based upon specific and articulable facts, suspect that a crime has been committed (Reasonable Suspicion, Cornell Law School Library [2013]).† Officer Smith pulled over a gold, older model Pontiac because she noticed tape on what she suspected to be broken. One might wonder why Officer Smith pulled the Pontiac over. In most states, the driver is held accountable for faulty equipment of their vehicle. Unless the tape is red, reflective and transparent, an officer has every right to pull the driver over and issue a ticket. In my own experience, it is highly likely for a police officer to pull someone over if there was an obstruction of a head or taillight. I myself have been pulled over for something similar in which I received a warning or ticket. On her way to the driver’s window, Officer Smith remembers the description of a vehicle that was recently involved in a roadside killing of another police officer. That description fit with the Pontiac she had just pulled over. Officer Smith proceeds to ask the driver to get out of the vehicle so she may conduct a quick pat down for weapons. According to the Fourth Amendment, a justifiable search begins with reasonable suspicion. In this case, Officer Smith asks the driver to endure a â€Å"stop and frisk†. This means, the officer had the right to ask for a quick pat down of the driver’s outer clothing in search of a weapon(s). In my belief, the driver’s rights were not violated and valid based on the officer’s request for a stop and frisk. Nothing illegal has happened between the two. â€Å"If, during the pat down for weapons, the officer feels a weapon on the individual, the officer then has probable cause to conduct a complete search.† (Roberson, Wallace & Stuckey, 2007; p.83) In our example, a weapon was not felt or found on the driver. Furthermore, Officer Smith has now conducted what’s known as a â€Å"Terry Stop†. What is the difference between a Terry Stop and the Stop and Frisk you ask? There isn’t any significant difference. Prior to â€Å"Terry Vs. Ohio† (1968), a stop and frisk protected against illegitimate search and seizure. Where as after, it is come to be known as; constitutional according to circumstances where a reasonably suspicious officer has a valid concern for societies or his/her safety. After the Terry Stop, Officer Smith directed the driver to have a seat in the vehicle and asks for their driver license and registration. I would think that this procedure is pretty standard in identifying who the driver is and maybe writing out a ticket for the taillight tape. The driver had other plans and speeds away from Officer Smith without giving requested information. It is to my knowledge that Officer Smith has mor e than reasonable suspicion now. She has probable cause to believe that the driver was in fact, the killer from the incident she’d heard about. With probable cause, Officer Smith proceeds to chase the Pontiac. The chase ends when the driver of the Pontiac hits a telephone pole. You may stop to ask me; â€Å"What is the difference between probable cause and reasonable suspicion?† From my understanding of the two, probable cause is grounds for a warrant or for an arrest. Reasonable suspicion is not but, it may be grounds to further investigate or for a police officer to detain a person or vehicle for further investigation (Florida State University Law Review, Summer (2006), Vol. 33, Issue 4, 1239-1248). I’m compelled to agree with officer Smith in this instance. The driver demonstrated reckless behavior, presenting exigent circumstances for Officer Smith to give chase to this vehicle. According to The Cornell Law Library, an exigent circumstance is â€Å"a circumstance that requires an immediate response. It occurs when police officers believe they have probable cause and there is no time to obtain a warrant. (Exigent Circumstance), Cornell Law School Library [2013])† Being that the chase ended with a severe crash, Officer Smith did respond immediately to the situation. Furthermore, our scenario goes on to explain that Officer Smith feared that the car might catch on fire from the leaking gas tank. She pulls out the driver from the vehicle and goes back to get her purse for identification. It is then that Officer Smith sees that the glove box has popped open and in it was a firearm with documents on top of it. We are asked to think about if the firearm was in plain view and if it was legally obtained? Since I am just a Criminal Justice student, I would have to say affirmative to both. I say that in full confidence because it is legal for an officer to enter a vehicle at the scene of an accident to assist without an issued search warrant. Without rummaging through the vehicles co ntents, the officer sees a weapon or narcotics. Even with the use of a flashlight, it is still considered legal. Just because something is hidden behind darkness, doesn’t mean it wouldn’t be seen during daylight, right? The other permissible circumstance regarding the plain view doctrine is, if the officer moves him or herself around to take a look. The object in plain view (without a thorough search) can be seized and is admissible evidence in court. The fact that the gun was seen through the documentation clearly shows that it was in plain view and didn’t have to be searched for. Officer Smith goes on to find the driver’s purse. In an attempt to locate the driver’s identification, she finds a baggie of Marijuana in the driver’s purse. Although I do not believe that this will uphold as evidence in this case, it may present the driver with another set of charges against her. Perhaps the driver may get charged with possession of an illegal substance? However, I really feel that Officer Smith did not have the right to search for anything other than the drivers license, even though she did find the Marijuana in the purse. In my studies it would be considered â€Å"Fruit of the Poisonous Tree†. Although Officer Smith was legally allowed to enter the vehicle without a search warrant and assist in identifying the driver, I believe that the retrieval of the cannabis will not be permissible in court for the reasons I’ve stated above. Our scenario also goes on to state that it was later found that this vehicle was not the vehicle involved in the death of the officer. It also states that it was determined that the taillight was not in fact broken. One might question or argue at this point, whether the entire scenario is justifiable or necessary? From my point of view it was entirely correct. The officer had a valid reason to pull the car over. She had reasonable suspicion for a Terry Stop. Her reasonable suspicion then turned to probable cause when the driver fled the sight without presenting the officer with what she’d asked for. The officer then acted within a responsible manner to help the driver out of the crashed vehicle. After all, law enforcement is there to â€Å"protect and serve† our community. The firearm was in plain sight of the officer while she tried to locate the driver’s identification. Nothing except the search and seizure of the contents of the purse violated the rights of the driver; nor incriminated the police officer. It is in my belief that Officer Smith could’ve called for backup or help once she found the scene of the accident. She could’ve taken the purse out of the vehicle and even seized the gun. However, she had time to obtain a warrant to search the purse. In instances like we have just gone through, it is interesting to see just how knowledgeable each player is with their rights and responsibilities. We see these cases often in the news and some do not even make it to trial because either a right was violated or a piece of evidence was gathered with some mistake made in obtaining it. â€Å"Don’t interfere with anything in the Constitution. That must be maintained, for it is the only safeguard of our liberties.†- President Abraham Lincoln References Exigent Circumstance [Def.1], In Legal Information Institute, Cornell Univeristy Law School Libarary. Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/exigent_circumstances Plain View Doctrine [Def.1], In Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School Library. Retrieved February 15, 2013, from http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/plain_view_doctrine Reasonable Suspicion [Def.1]. In Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School Library. Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/reasonable_suspicion Stuckey, G., Roberson, C., & Wallace, H., (2006). Procedures in the Justice System (8th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Florida State University Law Review, Summer (2006), Vol. 33, Issue 4, 1239-1248, Retrieved February 14, 2013, from http://www.heinonline.org.lib.kaplan.edu/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/flsulr33&div=61

Free Essays on Hope V. Despair

Hope vs. Despair In John Milton’s epic poem Paradise Lost, we are given a beautiful interpretation of the story of Genesis. This detailed interpretation of Genesis begins with the fall of Satan and his inner struggle with good and evil. Satan assumes the role as the main character, Adam and Eve are his pawns for destruction and God is just a bystander. Although, when Adam and Eve eat the forbidden fruit they lose their utopian paradise it is not the absolute fall of mankind because in the end hope overcomes despair and mankind is saved after all. In Paradise Lost, Satan is a complex character which undergoes much change and turmoil throughout his journey to destroy mankind. He was once considered the highest angel under God however, his sins of pride and envy overpower his obedience to God and therefore, he is cast down from heaven. Now consumed with hatred he persuades others to follow his actions and wages a war against God and his new creation, mankind. Satan is a twisted and tortured soul who is driven by an obsession of hatred, envy, passion and despair. While it is only his name which provokes hate within us it is his actions that we understand and relate to as humans. Satan is a real person to us and we understand what he is going through and his struggle with internal agony and sins. Yet, his inability to seek redemption and follow through with a life of continuous evil is where we lose connection with Satan. On more than one occasion Satan has struggled with the possibility to repent: â€Å"O then at last relent! Is there no place Left for repentance, none for pardon left?† (IV, 79-80) While he knows that he would be better off repenting he cannot kneel down to a God that he believes is tyrannical and unmerciful. Consequently, he releases any kind of hope that he once had: â€Å"So farewell hope, and with hope farewell fear, Farewell remorse! All good to me is lost; Evil, be thou my good†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (IV, 108-110). As S... Free Essays on Hope V. Despair Free Essays on Hope V. Despair Hope vs. Despair In John Milton’s epic poem Paradise Lost, we are given a beautiful interpretation of the story of Genesis. This detailed interpretation of Genesis begins with the fall of Satan and his inner struggle with good and evil. Satan assumes the role as the main character, Adam and Eve are his pawns for destruction and God is just a bystander. Although, when Adam and Eve eat the forbidden fruit they lose their utopian paradise it is not the absolute fall of mankind because in the end hope overcomes despair and mankind is saved after all. In Paradise Lost, Satan is a complex character which undergoes much change and turmoil throughout his journey to destroy mankind. He was once considered the highest angel under God however, his sins of pride and envy overpower his obedience to God and therefore, he is cast down from heaven. Now consumed with hatred he persuades others to follow his actions and wages a war against God and his new creation, mankind. Satan is a twisted and tortured soul who is driven by an obsession of hatred, envy, passion and despair. While it is only his name which provokes hate within us it is his actions that we understand and relate to as humans. Satan is a real person to us and we understand what he is going through and his struggle with internal agony and sins. Yet, his inability to seek redemption and follow through with a life of continuous evil is where we lose connection with Satan. On more than one occasion Satan has struggled with the possibility to repent: â€Å"O then at last relent! Is there no place Left for repentance, none for pardon left?† (IV, 79-80) While he knows that he would be better off repenting he cannot kneel down to a God that he believes is tyrannical and unmerciful. Consequently, he releases any kind of hope that he once had: â€Å"So farewell hope, and with hope farewell fear, Farewell remorse! All good to me is lost; Evil, be thou my good†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (IV, 108-110). As S...

100 Awfully Good Examples of Oxymorons

100 Awfully Good Examples of Oxymorons An oxymoron  is a figure of speech, usually one or two words in which  seemingly  contradictory terms appear side by side. This contradiction is also known as a  paradox. Writers and poets have used it for centuries as a literary device to describe lifes inherent conflicts and incongruities. In speech, oxymorons can lend a sense of humor, irony, or sarcasm. Using Oxymorons The word oxymoron is itself oxymoronic, which is to say contradictory. The word is derived from two ancient Greek words oxys, which means sharp, and moronos, which means dull or stupid. Take this sentence, for example: This was a minor crisis and the only choice was to drop the product line. There are two oxymorons in this sentence: minor crisis and only choice. If youre learning English as a second language, you might be confused by these figures of speech. Read literally, they contradict themselves.  A crisis is defined as a time of serious difficulty or importance. By that measure, no crisis is unimportant or minor. Similarly, choice implies more than one option, which is contradicted by only, which implies the opposite. But once you become fluent in English, its easy to recognize such oxymorons for the figures of speech that they are. As the textbook author Richard Watson Todd said, The true beauty of oxymorons is that, unless we sit back and really think, we happily accept them as normal  English. Oxymorons have been used since the days of the ancient Greek poets, and William Shakespeare sprinkled them throughout his plays, poems, and sonnets. Oxymorons also feature in modern comedy and politics. The conservative political writer William Buckley, for instance, became famous for quotes like an intelligent liberal is an oxymoron. 100 Examples of Oxymorons Like other kinds of figurative language, oxymorons (or oxymora) are often found in literature. As shown by this list of 100 awfully good examples, oxymorons are also part of our everyday speech. Youll find common figures of speech, plus references to works of classic and pop culture. absent presence (from Astrophil and Stella by Sir Philip Sidney)alone togetherawful goodbeggarly riches (from Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions by John Donne)bittersweetbrisk vacancy (from Self Portrait in a Convex Mirror by John Ashbery)cheerful pessimistcivil warclearly misunderstoodcomfortable misery (from One Door Away From Heaven by Dean Koontz)conspicuous absencecool passioncrash landingcruel kindnessdarkness visible (from Paradise Lost by John Milton)deafening silencedeceptively honestdefinite maybedeliberate speeddevout atheistdull roareloquent silenceeven oddsexact estimateextinct lifefalsely true (from Lancelot and Elaine by Lord Tennyson)festive tranquilityfound missingfreezer burnfriendly takeovergenuine imitationgood griefgrowing smallerguest hosthistorical presenthumane slaughtericy hotidiot savantill healthimpossible solutionintense apathyjoyful sadnessjumbo shrimplarger halflascivious grace (from Sonnet 40 by William Shakespeare)lead balloonliquid marble (from Poetast er by Ben Jonson) living deadliving endliving sacrificesloosely sealedloud whisperloyal oppositionmagic realismmelancholy merriment (from Don Juan by Lord Byron)militant pacifistminor miraclenegative growthnegative incomeold newsone-man bandonly choiceopenly deceptiveopen secretoriginal copyoverbearingly modestpaper tableclothpaper towelpeaceful conquestplastic glassesplastic silverwarepoor healthpretty uglyproperly ridiculousrandom orderrecorded liveresident aliensad smilesame differencescalding coolness (from For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway)seriously funnyshrewd dumbnesssilent screamsmall crowdsoft rockThe Sound of Silence (song by Paul Simon)static flowsteel woolstudent teachersweet sorrow (from Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare)terribly goodtheoretical experiencetransparent night (from When Lilacs Last in the Door-yard Bloom’d by Walt Whitman)true fictionTrue Lies (movie directed by James Cameron)unbiased opinionunconscious awarenessupward fallwise foolworking vacation 1:15 5 Common Figures of Speech Explained

The Chain Finance Model Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Chain Finance Model - Personal Statement Example My research provided me a deep insight into the two different attitudes in Banking. Commercial Banks tend to be more conservative and consider current financial position of the borrower while making lending decisions whereas Investment banks tend to bet on the future of the firm as they view future cash flow trends as the true means of the financial strength of a firm. It is because of this reason that the firms in China tend to bank with investment banks because they want to take benefit of their future growth now. The above facts provided me very different and alternative views about the theory working behind the banking as a field as I soon realized that by being conservative, as the theory may suggest, banks may not achieve their full potential and thus I embark upon to radically change my approach and methodology by shifting my analysis from the current cash flows to the future projection and growth of the cash flows. I did that, however, by taking into considering, all the risk aspects involved in making lending decisions. While analyzing one of the clients, I found that the practice adapted by him was that he used to buy a large variety of products from small Chinese firms and supply them to the Wal-Mart. This prompted me to think deep as funding to such client was lot more easy for us since Wal-Mart tend to benefit its customers therefore the cash flows of our firm seemed to be reliable and stable and secondly the suppliers of our client were small and mostly devoid of the traditional financing methods as banks traditionally avoid to lend to such clients. However, my analysis provided me an opportunity to go beyond theory and find a very unique blend of theory and practice where lending was to be done based on the basis of the supply chain. This model, which is wholly developed by me, provided our bank a necessary chance to be as aggressive as an investment bank while remaining as traditional commercial bank catering the needs of different clients and providing services which matched with that of an investment bank as its supply chain finance model was not only unique but aggressive too.

Write a critical article on a recently complete building Essay

Write a critical article on a recently complete building - Essay Example A prime example of this is the new Brighton Jubilee Library, completed in 2005, which represents a culmination of ideas and concepts that speak eloquently of its position and use in society as well as illustrating several of the concerns the modern world is facing regarding the use and construction of a facility such as this. Public reaction to the building has been strongly favorable on many different fronts as the building serves a great number of practical and aesthetic needs while remaining an accurate representation of contemporary times. Thanks to the complexity of its design, the building is capable of communicating its ideas in a variety of ways that can be interpreted differently depending upon the viewer. Its very construction illustrates the materials of which it is made and showcases them at their greatest strength. Although the building can, and has, been interpreted from many angles, including its presence as an artful piece of architecture in the modern world, the Brig hton library can be seen as a shining example of modern engineering in its use of new materials and up-to-date technology as well as demonstrating the role of politics in architecture in the various ways in which the building has been designed for user participation. In considering these roles – architecture as engineering and politics in architecture – it is important to understand not only how the building itself demonstrates these concepts, but also some of the background information and key thoughts regarding these ideas. Architecture as engineering actually grew out of the philosophy of the mind, in which the evolution of thought and the proper approach to science was speculated upon. This process started with medieval thought into the various processes of nature, both outward and inward. Copernicus made the startling revelation that the sun was the real center of the known universe while

The most importnt issues or problems in Humn Resources in the United Essay

The most importnt issues or problems in Humn Resources in the United rb Emirtes t the present time - Essay Example ccording to n estimte by the l-Iktissd Wl-ml (1997) mgzine, no less thn 95 per cent of the new jobs in the 1995-2000 period were in the privte sector. There re four interrelted resons for the privte sector's resistnce to Emirtistion. The first fctor is lbour cost. The influx of chep foreign lbour during the pst three decdes led to the development of lbour-intensive privte sector, whose continued profitbility hinges on being given free hnd in the utilistion of foreign workers. lthough, since the mid-1990s, United rb Emirtes hs incresed the cost of the ltter by introducing compulsory helth cre for foreign workers, locl workers still re very much more expensive to hire (Fshoyin, 2000). It hs further been lleged tht locls will demnd bout six times the slry skilled foreign worker would be prepred to ccept nd 'will not work s hrd' (Fshoyin, 2000). Foreign workers from developing countries ccept reltively low slries becuse they cn still ern more thn they could ern in their home countries. Furthermore, the mjority of foreign workers re young mle bchelors nd therefore do not hve fmily to support. For locl workers, however, the high cost of living in United rb Emirtes mkes the level of wges offered by the privte sector in cpble of providing n cceptble living stndrd for locl workers (tiyyh, 2003). Second, socil nd culturl perceptions towrds... In United rb Emirtes, the type of work, sector of employment nd socil interctions t work determine the socil sttus of the worker nd his fmily (Mellhi, 2000). Hence, workers plce gret del of importnce on the effect of their work on their socil recognition. For instnce, most of the jobs in the privte sector re mnul jobs which rb Emirtes society holds in low esteem. Even before the influx of foreign workers, these jobs were llocted to people with low socil sttus nd socil interctions with them were severely restricted. tiyyh (2003) reported tht in rb Emirtes: For youngsters leving school the brriers ginst desirble creer pths re lmost mythicl. They will not ccept jobs s slesmen becuse this does not befit their socil sttus; they will not tke workshop jobs where there is thret of physicl dnger. Low slries re n insultthe rb Emirtesyouth hs too much pride to swllow.The third fctor is discipline nd control. Reserch on the mngement of foreign workers in United rb Emirtes supports the view tht foreign workers re esier to control nd more disciplined thn locl workers (tiyyh, 2003). This could be result of the fct tht work permits in United rb Emirtes re often vlid for one yer nd foreign workers do not qulify for permnent residency or nturlistion, regrdless of the length of their sty, therefore employers hve few obligtions towrds foreign workers who cn be lid off nd sent home t short notice. In ddition, foreign workers hold work permits for specific occuption with specific employer nd therefore they cnnot move freely between employers or sponsor wit hout the consent of their employer or sponsor-Kfeel. Hence, lbour turnover nd job-hopping mong foreign workers do not exist. Tble 1: Comprison between HRM prctices for United rb Emirtes HR nd

The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci | Painting Meaning

The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci | Painting Meaning By the end of the fourteenth century, the Black Death killed off a third of the European population. After the event, people were all set for a transformation. Gradually, new ideas and viewpoint started to spread from Florence Italy. All through the Renaissance, there was an upsurge of new ideas, attitudes, and art work of the new era. These new ideas stimulated new look on these artwork, literature, and judgment. Leonardo Da Vinci was a key figure in these new ideas and paintings during the Renaissance Period. The Renaissance is described as The humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe. This movement lasted approximately from the 14th to 17th centuries. Commencing in Italy, this significant art movement rapidly expanded all through Western Europe. Historians consider that the humanist approach paused at a point halfway flanked by medieval supernaturalism and the modern scientific and critical manner. Medievalists perceive humanism as the terminal product of the Middle Ages. Humanism is regarded as a philosophy, not a religion. Humanism started as the traditionalist drifted clear of medieval Christianity and resulted in bold independence of the medieval tradition. Humanism was based on the idea that life on Earth had a point of its own; a person did not have to reside unhappily on the way to heaven. Humanists consider that life was filled with beauty, waiting to be discovered. In this paper I will be analyzing The Last Supper, by Leonardo Da Vinci. It is a fresco, signifying that it is directly painted on a wall. The Last Supper is fascinating in several ways. In its massive simplicity, the arrangement of the setting is masterful; the strength of its appearance hails from the eye-catching distinction in the attitudes of the twelve apostles as juxtaposed to Christ. Leonardo did not select the depiction of the traitor Judas long-established in the iconographic tradition; he depicted, rather, that instant of maximum nervousness as associated with the New Testament, One of you which eateth with me will betray me. Each and every one of the disciples-as human beings who do not comprehend what is about to take place-are disturbed, whereas Christ alone, mindful of his divine assignment, sits in lonesome, transfigured tranquility. Only one other person shares the undisclosed information: Judas, who is both part of and yet barred from the movement of his companions; in this seclusion he becomes the second lonely character- the guilty one-of the group. The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci All through history, numerous works of art are both produced and damaged, and it is only the real works of art that people commit to memory and hold on to for years following their creation. Leonardo Da Vincis The Last Supper is one of these pieces. It is more than five hundred years old, but still one of the most renowned and familiar paintings in the present day (Lewis and Susan, 1995). Nearly everyone is familiar with the Last Supper. As stated by the bible, significant events occurred during the Last Supper, including a declaration by Jesus that one of his disciples would deceive him and the first communion. In addition, the Last Supper was a profound Biblical event, in which Jesus shared a final banquet with his disciples. Even though this subject matter occurs in several works of art for instance, works by Tintoretto (Kren and Daniel, 2008), The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci is the most celebrated and has been the focus of many discussions. I chose Da Vincis The Last Supper is since its a work of art that I am familiar with. Ive spotted it before, and its very well known. You can ask any person about it, and virtually everyone has heard of it and is familiar with its description. Its very famed, and is an extremely well known piece of art. In actual fact, it is regarded as one of the most famous portrait and spiritual paintings of all time, together with The Mona Lisa and Michelangelos Creation of Adam (Kren and Daniel, 2008). In addition, it is a painting that is frequently seen in pop culture, for example in Mel Brooks History of the World, Part 1. In spite of seeing the painting repeatedly and in many different ways, I still wasnt familiar with the history behind the painting. I didnt know precisely at what time it was painted, where it was painted, what type of painting it is, and why Da Vinci decided to paint it. I thought it would be nice to write about this piece with the aim of learning more about it while writi ng my paper. As already acknowledged, The Last Supper was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci, an Italian artist from the town of Vinci. He is one of the most extraordinary painters, architects, and gifted philosophers of all time. Da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, in the neighborhood of Vinci but spent a large part of his life in Florence where he started painting and after a particular period- painting. When he was fourteen, Leonardo began working as a studio boy to Andrea del Verrocchio, who at the time was one of the most acclaimed painters (Kenneth, 1939). He grew to be a self-dependent master in 1478, at which time he started being commissioned for a variety of works of art. Da Vinci commenced painting The Last Supper in 1495 for his patron Duke Ludovico Sforza (the Duke of Milan), whom he started to work for in 1482. Leonardos Last Supper is a priceless piece of art with a great deal of concealed meaning and noticeable talents  conferred upon a wall. He was capable of using hisskills in prod ucing a very comprehensive and naturalistic piece of work that would be kept in mind forhundreds of years. He was also capable   of creating persons with remarkable uniqueness. Not only was hisdepiction of the characters superb, but the symbolism he employed which lay emphasis on the story being toldin the Last Supper. The Last Supper was painted in the refectory of the Dominican Church of S. Maria delle Grazie in Milan, and was destined to be a symbol of religious devotion (Chubb, 1968). Some people maintain that that the painting took more than ten years to finalize, whereas many others say it was completed in two years. Its imperative to note that if finished in two years, it was quite an achievement for Da Vinci, who had a habit of procrastinating his work, and left several of his works incomplete. Leonardos Last Supper was in the past thought to be a fresco. Nevertheless, it is not a true fresco since it was painted on a dry plaster rather than a wet one. He wanted to make the painting as detailed comprehensive as possible, as he wanted to portray human appearance and feeling on the characters faces. Da Vinci was trying out new techniques of painting and, regrettably, his new technique was not of high-quality for protecting art over lengthy episodes. The masterpiece is painted on a layer of dry plaster. He chose this medium due to the need for more time to paint precise expressions, which was unworkable on wet plaster as he would get a very short duration (Kenneth, 1939). The Last Supper, painted on dry plaster is in reality Leonardo Da Vincis trial method of painting. Nevertheless, this technique is regarded a failure, as it has not endured the test of time. Prior to starting the painting, Leonardo covered the wall with a coating of resin, which is a mixture of pitch and mast ic. In addition, he utilized chalk in the process of coating. To cordon the painting he used tempra which permitted him to emphasize the particulars of human emotion. Unfortunately, the substance proved unsuccessful, and by 1517 the piece began to deteriorate (Edward, 1928). By 1556, the painting was by now regarded as ruined and unrecognizable- a painter Giovanni Batista Armenini said that the painting was so badly affected that not anything is noticeable but a mass of blots (Lewis and Susan, 1995). The painting has kept on decaying in the subsequent centuries. In fact, it was so unrecognizable due to additional damage made by careless artists who were trying to restore the painting and by the addition of an entrance way put in the lower part of the painting. It took many years of wide-ranging refurbishment so as to have the piece look as it was initially painted. The very last and the most successful restoration of the Last Supper painting occurred from 1978 to 1999 (Kren and Dani el, 2008). The dining room of the convent was cordoned off and the temperature settings inside the room were kept under control for the aim of restoration work. The life of the Last Supper painting has been significantly extended owing to the latest restorations. As previously mentioned, The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci is the primary great figure work of art of the High Renaissance and the ultimate understanding of its theme. The painting depicts Jesus and his twelve disciples at the last supper, right at the instant where Jesus informs them One of you shall betray me. They are seated at a long table that is parallel to the picture plane. The room is open and tranquil, and Christ has his arms held out in willing trust. The twelve apostles are all clustered into sets of three and all display expressions of shock upon hearing Jesus declaration except Judas, the one responsible for betraying Jesus. He is inclined back into the shadows, and is shown to be holding a bag of money to his chest (Chubb, 1968). Prior to Da Vincis era, it was customary for portrayal of the last supper to include Judas detached from the rest of the group. Da Vinci positions him in the painting right in the heart of things, yet he still manages to disconnect him from the rest of the disciples. The painting exactly conveys the story of the last supper in one setting. Presently, Leonardos Last Supper is still a significant work of art, as it was significant when it was first painted. Much like the way Judas was painted in with the rest of the disciples was an innovative thought; the look on the disciple faces was as well new. Several paintings of Jesus and his disciples at the last supper have been created, but by no means has one appeared quite as real. The looks on the disciples faces make them appear like real people acting in response to something they have listened to. The group is in deep and dramatic excitement, with their hands out in astonishment and question at Jesus words. They come out lifelike in the piece, similar to people who have in reality heard shocking news. The observer can just sense the anxious excitement sweeping through the group of disciples. The disciples are assembled into groups of three and attached all the groups together through their hand movements giving this piece a symmetrically aesthetic sensation. Furthermore, Da Vincis painting is a masterpiece due to his exceptional application of point perspective (Kenneth, 1939). The way it is painted on the wall makes it seem to be a continuation of the room. Jesus, the most important person in the painting, has been positioned in front of three windows that are in the rear of the room, and he is framed by the center window with an arched pediment. His head functions as the central and vanishing point of this piece, plus all lines lead right to him. The viewers eyes and attention is immediately attracted right to Jesus. It is apparent that Jesus functions as the vital magnet. The use of proper perspective was quite a novel idea when it came to painting, and Da Vinci utilized it superbly. A few individuals even argue that it is one of the greatest applications of one point perspective ever produced. Despite being such an extraordinary painting, The Last Supper is still very much talked about and viewed in the present day. Leonardos Last Supper has many theories behind it, such as the stories that the same model was utilized for painting Jesus and then years later used for Judas. Or that the apostle sitting to the left of Jesus is not really John, but rather a woman, Mary Magdalene (Edward, 1928). There are even some individuals who consider the dishes, food, and hands positioned on the table construct notes on a music staff, and that there is a song concealed in the painting. Also, the analysis of this painting by Dan Brown in The Da Vinci Code has generated a stir regarding the identity of Leonardo Da Vinci and in addition about his works as an artist (Kren and Daniel, 2008). From 1513, Leonardo began living in Rome where he was acknowledged along with one of the renowned artists of the time- Michelangelo and Rafael. Even though his early work of brilliance was Madonna and Child, which led to his more famous work The Last Supper, Leonardo also drew up plans for court festival arenas for the Duke (Chubb, 1968). In addition, he was very engrossed in his own research drafts which are, as we are familiar with presently, in various disciplines of biology as well as science and engineering. These rough drafts contain drawings on how the heart would impel the blood to the muscles. He also created amazing drawings of how humans could fly. By examining birds, he created the glider, parachute, and a machine that would later on permit humans to fly- the helicopter. Nevertheless, this part of his intelligence wasnt truly valued at his time since these inventions were too bold and impractical for his coevals (Edward, 1928). On the whole, Leonardo Da Vincis The Last Supper is a remarkable work of art, and has been for generations. Da Vinci sketched the first relaxed portraits with misty landscapes in the background. He utilized warm and passionate colors to produce the misty appearance on the landscapes. He had a unique way of painting with mixing colors and didnt put eyebrows on his paintings. Although it The Last Supper has disintegrated to the point of being unrecognizable, many people have worked very hard to make sure that it will stay put for upcoming generations to see. Da Vinci was a very accomplished artist, and it is illustrated through his works like The Last Supper. Even to this day, his painting The Last Supper is known far and wide and visited by many tourists each year. The memory of the Last Supper could be due to the holiness of the parting meal. Visual Image Title of artwork- The Last Supper Artist- Leonardo Da Vinci Media-Tempera and mixed media on plaster